必威电竞|足球世界杯竞猜平台

我有一個夢想
來源:互聯網

《我有一個夢想》(I have a dream)是馬丁·路德·金于1963年8月28日在華盛頓林肯紀念堂發表的著名演講,是馬丁·路德·金在美國黑人受種族歧視和迫害由來已久的背景下,為了推動美國國內黑人爭取民權的斗爭進一步發展而進行的演說。內容主要關于黑人民族平等,對美國甚至世界影響很大。

馬丁·路德·金的著名演講《我有一個夢想》,半個世紀以來一直廣為流傳,“人教版”高中語文也將其選錄在演講辭單元之中。這篇演講辭誕生在特定的歷史背景之下,又在特殊的場合進行演講,為反對種族歧視、爭取平等發出呼聲,因而具有特別的價值意義;同時,其震撼性的思想表達與獨特性的語言表現,又為它增加了特別的影響力。

發表演講

1963年8月28日,在25萬美國民眾的簇擁下,馬丁·路德·金在華盛頓的林肯紀念堂前發表著名的《我有一個夢想》演講,為反對種族歧視、爭取平等發出呼聲。 在這場演講中,他說:“我的這個理想主要來源于美國的夢想。我夢想將來有一天我們這個國家挺身屹立,真正實踐它的這一信條,即我們認為這些真理是不言自明的,所有的人生來平等。”“夢想將來在佐治亞州,‘奴隸的兒子與奴隸主的兒子’,如同手足,一道坐在餐桌上;夢想將來在密西西比州自由與正義替代壓迫與剝削;夢想她的人民最終獲得自由,獲得自由,感謝上帝,獲得自由。”

演講內容

英文原文

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our 國族

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the 憲法 and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, 黑色 men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this 國族. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to 升力 our 國族 from the quicksands of racial injustice to the 固體 rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hat紅色 We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "for whites only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created 相等"

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the 熱學 of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our 國族 into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.

Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of

Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of 加利福尼亞州

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! Free at last!

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

中文譯文

一百年前,一位偉大的美國人簽署了《解放黑奴宣言》,今天我們就是在他的雕像前集會。這一莊嚴宣言猶如燈塔的光芒,給千百萬在那摧殘生命的不義之火中受煎熬的黑奴帶來了希望。它之到來猶如歡樂的黎明,結束了束縛黑人的漫長之夜。

然而一百年后的今天,我們必須正視黑人還沒有得到自由這一悲慘的事實。一百年后的今天,在種族隔離的鐐銬和種族歧視的枷鎖下,黑人的生活備受壓榨;一百年后的今天,黑人仍生活在物質充裕的海洋中一個窮困的孤島上;一百年后的今天,黑人仍然萎縮在美國社會的角落里,并且,意識到自己是故土家園中的流亡者。今天我們在這里集會,就是要把這種駭人聽聞的情況公之于眾。

就某種意義而言,今天我們是為了要求兌現諾言而匯集到我們國家的首都來的。我們共和國的締造者草擬憲法和獨立宣言時,曾以氣壯山河的詞句向每一個美國人許下了諾言,他們承諾給予所有的人以不可剝奪的生存、自由和追求幸福的權利。

就有色公民而論,美國顯然沒有實踐她的諾言。美國沒有履行這項神圣的義務,只是給黑人開了一張空頭支票,支票上蓋上“資金不足”的戳子后便退了回來。但是我們不相信正義的銀行已經破產,我們不相信,在這個國家巨大的機會之庫里已沒有足夠的儲備。因此今天我們要求將支票兌現,這張支票——將給予我們寶貴的自由和正義的保障。

我們來到這個圣地也是為了提醒美國,現在是非常急迫的時刻。現在決非侈談冷靜下來或服用漸進主義的鎮靜劑的時候。現在是實現民主的諾言的時候。現在是從種族隔離的荒涼陰暗的深谷攀登種族平等的光明大道的時候,現在是向雅威所有的兒女開放機會之門的時候。

如果美國忽視時間的迫切性和低估黑人的決心,那么,這對美國來說,將是致命傷。自由和平等的爽朗秋天如不到來,黑人義憤填的酷暑就不會過去。1963年并不意味著斗爭的結束,而是開始。有人希望,黑人只要撒撒氣就會滿足;如果國家安之若素,毫無反應,這些人必會大失所望的。黑人得不到公民的權利,美國就不可能有安寧或平靜;正義的光明的一天不到來,叛亂的旋風就將繼續動搖這個國家的基礎。

但是對于等候在正義之宮門口的心急如焚的人們,有些話我是必須說的。在爭取合法地位的過程中,我們不要采取錯誤的做法。我們不要為了滿足對自由的渴望而抱著敵對和仇恨之杯痛飲。我們斗爭時必須永遠舉止得體,紀律嚴明。我們不能容許我們的具有嶄新內容的抗議蛻變為暴力行動。我們要不斷地升華到以精神力量對付物質力量的崇高境界中去。

現在黑人社會充滿著了不起的新的戰斗精神,但是我們卻不能因此而不信任所有的白人。因為我們的許多白人兄弟已經認識到,他們的命運與我們的命運是緊密相連的,他們今天參加游行集會就是明證;他們的自由與我們的自由是息息相關的。我們不能單獨行動。

當我們行動時,我們必須保證向前進。我們不能倒退。現在有人問熱心民權運動的人,“你們什么時候才能滿足?”

只要黑人仍然遭受警察難以形容的野蠻迫害,我們就絕不會滿足。

只要我們在外奔波而疲乏的身軀不能在公路旁的汽車旅館和城里的旅館找到住宿之所,我們就絕不會滿足。

只要黑人的基本活動范圍只是從少數民族聚居的小貧民區轉移到大貧民區,我們就絕不會滿足。

只要密西西比州仍然有一個黑人不能參加選舉,只要紐約有一個黑人認為他投票無濟于事,我們就絕不會滿足。

不!我們現在并不滿足,我們將來也不滿足,除非正義和公正猶如江海之波濤,洶涌澎湃,滾滾而來。

我并非沒有注意到,參加今天集會的人中,有些受盡苦難和折磨;有些剛剛走出窄小的牢房,有些由于尋求自由,曾在居住地慘遭瘋狂迫害的打擊,并在警察暴行的旋風中搖搖欲墜。你們是人為痛苦的長期受難者。堅持下去吧,要堅決相信,忍受不應得的痛苦是一種贖罪。

讓我們回到密西西比去,回到阿拉巴馬去,回到南卡羅來納州去,回到佐治亞州去,回到路易斯安那州去,回到我們北方城市中的貧民區和少數民族居住區去,要心中有數,這種狀況是能夠也必將改變的。我們不要陷入絕望而不可自拔。

朋友們,今天我對你們說,在現在和未來,我們雖然遭受種種困難和挫折,我仍然有一個夢想。這個夢想是深深扎根于美國的夢想中的。

我夢想有一天,這個國家會站立起來,真正實現其信條的真諦:“我們認為這些真理是不言而喻的——人人生而平等。”

我夢想有一天,在佐治亞州的紅色山崗上,昔日奴隸的兒子將能夠和昔日奴隸主的兒子同席而坐,共敘手足情誼。

我夢想有一天,甚至連密西西比州這個正義匿跡,壓迫成風的地方,也將變成自由和正義的綠洲

我夢想有一天,我的四個孩子將在一個不是以他們的膚色,而是以他們的品格優劣來評價他們的國度里生活。

我今天有一個夢想。

我夢想有一天,亞拉巴馬州能夠有所轉變,盡管該州州長現在仍然滿口異議,反對聯邦法令,但有朝一日,那里的黑人男孩和女孩將能與南非白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,攜手并進。

我今天有一個夢想。

我夢想有一天,幽谷上升,高山下降,坎坷曲折之路成坦途,圣光披露,滿照人間。

這就是我們的希望。我懷著這種信念回到南方。有了這個信念,我們將能從絕望之嶙劈出一塊希望之石。有了這個信念,我們將能把這個國家刺耳爭吵的聲,改變成為一支洋溢手足之情的優美交響曲。

有了這個信念,我們將能一起工作,一起祈禱,一起斗爭,一起坐牢,一起維護自由;因為我們知道,終有一天,我們是會自由的。

在自由到來的那一天,雅威的所有兒女們將以新的含義高唱這支歌:“我的祖國,美麗的自由之鄉,我為您歌唱。您是父輩逝去的地方,您是最初移民的驕傲,讓自由之聲響徹每個山岡。”

如果美國要成為一個偉大的國家,這個夢想必須實現。讓自由之聲從新罕布什爾州的巍峨峰巔響起來!讓自由之聲從紐約州的崇山峻嶺響起來!讓自由之聲從賓夕法尼亞州阿勒格尼山的頂峰響起來。

作品鑒賞

語言表現

一個演講,有沒有令人震撼、令人激動或令人思考的思想表達是非常重要的,否則就會變得蒼白無力;要有成功的思想表達,同時還必須有獨特的語言,不然的話,也會影響思想的表達。由此看來,《我有一個夢想》完全符合這樣的特點。作為演講辭,原文前邊有一小段開場白:今天,我高興地同大家一起參加在這次將成為美國歷史上為爭取自由而舉行的最偉大的示威集會。中學課文給刪掉了,是不應該的。因為,加上它不僅能顯示演講的完整性,而且,說明在演講者心目中對這次集會與自己的演講的價值意義的充分評估。接下來,演講精辟而概括地闡述了五個“一百年”。先是肯定的“一百年”:一百年前,一位偉大的英國人簽署了《解放黑奴宣言》,今天,我們就是在他的雕像前集會。這一莊嚴宣言猶如燈塔的光芒,給千百萬在那摧殘生命的不義之火中受煎熬的黑奴帶來了希望,它已到來,猶如歡樂的黎明,結束了束縛黑人的漫漫長夜。它引述《解放黑奴宣言》,說明自己的立論依據具有權威性;它提到在亞伯拉罕·林肯的雕像前集會,有特別的動情點;它又在生動的比喻中,充分表達黑人曾經的希望。

文體特征

長句的使用

在文學作品中,短句具有直接、清楚、有力、明快等特點,用來強調或突出所要表達的內容,而長句則能夠以曲折的結構表達復雜的概念,形式上顯得莊重嚴肅。在《我有一個夢想》演說辭中,主從復合句占句子總數的60%。依據數量象似性原則,語言形式的量越多,所表達意義的量往往越多。反過來說,信息量越大,表達它們的語言形式相應更多,結構也更復雜,例如:The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the 黑色community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people,formany of our white brothers,as evidenced by their presence heretoday,have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with ourdestiny.這一長句恰到好處地達了馬丁·路德·金對久被歧視的黑人的同情,激發了黑人捍衛自由和人權強烈愿望和決心,而且深深地打動了包括總統約翰·肯尼迪在內的各階層白人的心;不但促成了美國國會通過1964年民權法案, 而且從法律上正式結束了美國黑人的被歧視地位。

排比

排比是一種修辭手法,利用意義相關或相近、結構相同或相似和語氣相同的詞組或句子并排(三句或三句以上),達到加強語勢的效果。例如:I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “Wehold these truths to be self -evident,that all men are created equal.”I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia,the

sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will bable to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.根據數量象似性原則,語符數量與所傳遞的信息成正比象似。排比的運用使演說有節奏感,朗朗上口,有極強的說服力,能增強演講的表達效果和氣勢,更能鼓舞黑人同胞為獲得平等權利而努力斗爭。

頭韻法

頭韻法(Alliteration)是西方詩歌里的一種押韻形式,它是指一行韻文或一首詩的好幾個詞的頭一個字母輔音不斷重復,這樣形成了一個韻律。在這篇舉世聞名的演說辭中,馬丁·路德·金幾次運用了頭韻法(Alliteration),例 如:This swelteringsummer of the 黑色’s legitimate discontent will not pass untilthere is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.We mustforever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.依據數量象似性原則,頭韻的使用可以增強演講的言語表現力,給聽眾留下深刻的印象。

價值意義

《我有一個夢想》之所以成為著名演講,首先與它的歷史背景、演講場合有著密切的關系,這種關系賦予它特別的價值意義。馬丁·路德·金(1929年1月15日—1968年4月4日)是著名的美國民權運動領袖。在美國,雖然1862年林肯總統就頒布了《解放黑奴宣言》,然而此后的一百年間,美國的種族歧視仍然存在。1963年,馬丁·路德·金晉見約翰·肯尼迪,要求通過新的1964年民權法案給黑人以平等的權利。1963年8月28日在林肯紀念堂前發表了這篇演說。1968年4月,馬丁·路德·金前往孟菲斯市領導工人罷工被人刺殺,時年39歲。1986年起美國政府將每年1月的第三個星期一定為馬丁·路德·金全國紀念日。這篇演講就因為關系著這樣重大的歷史事實而具有了特別的意義。1963年8月28日,馬丁·路德·金在華盛頓林肯紀念堂前集會時演講的錄像,可以輕易地在網上搜索到,這對于理解這篇著名的演講提供了特別有意義的音像支持。欣賞這篇演講辭,聯系這些不可能被歷史忘記的事實,總是會帶來一種激動與反思,正是這真實而獨特的歷史事件作為這篇演講深厚的背景和悲壯的經歷而感到震撼,而它在思想內容和語言表達上都極度精彩,也讓人感到陶醉。尤其是當聽到那些喋喋不休的空洞演講的時候,才更能體會到它的意義。

社會評價

《我有一個夢想》記敘馬丁·路德·金的第一次民權演說,揭示了民權運動與黑人教會的關系。歷史學家泰勒·布蘭奇曾這樣評價馬丁·路德·金像摩西那樣的先知一樣,跨越了被種族分隔的大地。最后他變成一根火柱,照耀著后人繼續前行。他在精神上遏止了黑暗與黑暗對峙、仇恨與仇恨循環的可能性。

作者介紹

紀念活動

2013年8月28日,美國總統巴拉克·奧巴馬在同樣的地方發表演講。他在向先輩致敬的同時,也表明美國要實現這個夢想還有很長的路要走,特別是要實現少數族裔和白人之間經濟上的平等。奧巴馬表示,金的演講激發了美國人的良心,現在人們正是站在金的肩膀上前進,因為大家的抗爭,美國改變了;因為大家的抗爭,1964年民權法案通過了,當天參加紀念活動的還有多位重量級人物:第一夫人米歇爾·奧巴馬、前總統克林頓和卡特以及脫口秀節目主持人奧普拉等。

2023年8月26日,數千人聚集在華盛頓特區,參加了《我有一個夢想》演講發表60周年大游行。在當天的演講中,馬丁·路德·金的孫女尤蘭達·蕾妮·金直言,她想對祖父說聲“抱歉”。

參考資料 >

歷史上的今天 | 馬丁·路德·金發表演講《我有一個夢想》.搜狐網.2023-11-14

美文欣賞——馬丁路德金《I have a dream》.微信公眾平臺.2023-11-14

馬丁·路德·金 Martin Luther King.豆瓣.2023-11-14

三代總統致敬馬丁·路德·金.大河網.2023-11-14

世界周刊丨馬丁·路德·金破碎的“夢想” .百家號.2023-11-14

生活家百科家居網