單元音（monophthong）共12個，其中/ɑ:/ /?:/ / ?:/ /i:/ /u:/為長元音，/ ?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/為短元音，長短元音有對應關系。
如何發音
發音時，舌位、唇形、開口度始終不變的元音叫單元音。單元音發音時可按舌面隆起的位置分為前元音，后元音和中元音三類。發前元音時舌的最高點在口腔的前部；發后元音時，舌的最高點在口腔的后部；發中元音時舌的最高點在口腔的中部。
元音單詞
以英語元音為例
前元音: [i:] [ i] [ e ] [?]
中元音: [?][?:][?]
后元音: [?] [?:] [u:] [u] [a:]
[i:] sea,he,see,piece,ceiling,street,beef,these,week,meat,agree
[?]sit,build,miss,myth,palace,between,if,give,busy,gym
[e] bed,desk,head,anything,many,again,special,heavy,weather,whether,friendly
[?] bad,land,bank,stamp,pal,Canada,taxi
[a:] car,fast,class,植物界,calm,aunt
[?] hot,want,wallet,wash,what
[ ?:] door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught
[u:] who,藍色,soup,
[u] look,put,woman,could，good
[ ?] cup,come,blood,rough,up
[ ?:] girl,work,serve,nurse
[? ] cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday
單韻母發音
漢語普通話
拼音：a o e i u ü er
e[?] 在i和ü后的實際發音為[ê]
i 在聲母jqx后的實際發音為[?]，而在聲母zh ch sh r后的實際發音又為[?]
關于韻母er，雖然由兩個字母組合而成，但卻是卷舌的單元音[??]（舌位沒有變化）
[i:] sea,he,see,piece,ceiling,street,beef,these,week,meat,agree
[?]sit,build,miss,myth,palace,between,if,give,busy,gym
[e] bed,desk,head,anything,many,again,special,heavy,weather,whether,friendly
[?] bad,land,bank,stamp,pal,Canada,taxi
[a:] car,fast,class,植物界,calm,aunt
[ ?] hot,want,wallet,wash,what
[?:] skirt,girl,person,紫色,learn
[u:] good,who,藍色,soup,
[u] look,put,women,could
[?] cup,come,blood,rough，up
[ ?:] girl,work,serve,nurse
[? ] cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday
參考資料 >