馬魯銘教授，男，江蘇鎮(zhèn)江人一直從事水污染控制領(lǐng)域的研究，曾在大型污水處理廠運(yùn)行工況與污水處理微生物生態(tài)學(xué)方面取得研究成果。近年來(lái)，從事難降解有機(jī)化合物生物預(yù)處理的研究，在催化還原技術(shù)改善有機(jī)物可生化性方面做了有益嘗試。
正文
馬魯銘 教授，男，江蘇鎮(zhèn)江人，1959.10 出生。
1978年2月考入同濟(jì)大學(xué)給水排水專業(yè)，1988年8月在同濟(jì)大學(xué)環(huán)境工程專業(yè)獲博士學(xué)位，同年分配到華東理工大學(xué)工作。1992年晉升副教授，1997年晉升教授，2001年獲博士生導(dǎo)師資格。曾于1994年和1996年作為高級(jí)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者分別在新西蘭奧塔戈大學(xué)和慕尼黑工業(yè)大學(xué)進(jìn)修，2001年獲國(guó)務(wù)院政府特殊津貼，1999年5月至2001年5月任華東理工大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)，2001年6月調(diào)入同濟(jì)大學(xué)城市污染控制國(guó)家工程研究中心工作，同年10月任常務(wù)副主任。
一直從事水污染控制領(lǐng)域的研究，曾在大型污水處理廠運(yùn)行工況與污水處理微生物生態(tài)學(xué)方面取得研究成果。1986年在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下對(duì)二次沉淀池的設(shè)計(jì)理論進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)理論“固體能量法”存在的嚴(yán)重缺陷，提出了污泥濃度“雙界面四段分布”的運(yùn)行工況理論，這一成果已寫入全國(guó)統(tǒng)編教材水污染控制工程中。1989年首次建立了沉淀池流態(tài)的計(jì)算模擬方法，解決了大型沉淀池流態(tài)測(cè)定的難題；1990年發(fā)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)流行的周邊式二次沉淀池流態(tài)的嚴(yán)重缺陷；這兩項(xiàng)成果均經(jīng)上海市科委鑒定達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。1991年對(duì)三槽式切換氧化溝運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行研究，為運(yùn)行周期的編程提供了理論依據(jù)。1997年起從事廢水生物處理中細(xì)胞內(nèi)、外有機(jī)聚合物的研究，揭示了胞內(nèi)聚合物形成規(guī)律，開發(fā)了高效低耗的脫氮新工藝。近年來(lái)，從事難降解有機(jī)化合物生物預(yù)處理的研究，在催化還原技術(shù)改善有機(jī)物可生化性方面做了有益嘗試。
參與了二十余項(xiàng)科研項(xiàng)目，負(fù)責(zé)過(guò)包括自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目在內(nèi)的多項(xiàng)研究課題，發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文三十余篇，多篇被SCI和EI摘錄。
國(guó)際環(huán)境學(xué)科最具影響力的期刊ES&T（Environmental Science and Technology）在2008年8月刊載了同濟(jì)學(xué)馬魯銘教授關(guān)于難降解工業(yè)廢水控制的篇論文《Enhanced biological treatment of industrial wastewater with bimetallic zerovalent iron》，該期封面還登載了有關(guān)污水處理方法的照片
難降解工業(yè)廢水成目我國(guó)水污染控制的難點(diǎn)。由同濟(jì)大學(xué)城市污染控制國(guó)家工程研究中心研發(fā)的催化鐵與生物耦合方法，彌補(bǔ)了單純生物法的局限，具有降解毒害污染物效率高、成本低、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、不產(chǎn)生二次污染的特點(diǎn)，已在國(guó)內(nèi)得到大規(guī)模的推廣應(yīng)用。該方法在技術(shù)上有重大突破，具有原始創(chuàng)新性。據(jù)悉，此次是ES&T首次將我國(guó)開發(fā)的污水處理技術(shù)登載在該刊封面，并將馬魯銘教授的論文作了特別推薦。
以下是著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)雜志The Economist于2008.12.06出版的雜志中對(duì)馬魯銘教授的催化鐵技術(shù)所做的介紹
Green iron Dec 4th 2008From The Economist print edition
Environment: Treating industrial wastewater with scrap iron can be a cheap and effective way to reduce pollution from factories
SCRAP conjures up visions of rusting junkyards on the wrong side of the tracks. But this image could soon be given a green makeover. Researchers have found that iron filings from factories can be a cheap and efficient way to clean up polluted 液態(tài)水 Because such scrap is widely available, the idea could be particularly useful in developing countries.
The new approach is being used to treat wastewater in the Taopu Industrial District of Shanghai, which is home to many small pharmaceutical, petrochemical and textile factories that discharge 液態(tài)水 contaminated with dyes, phosphorus and nitrogen. The project, which began in August 2006, now treats about 60,000 cubic metres (about 13m gallons) a day of industrially contaminated water―which is about the volume of municipal wastewater that a small town generates.
Wei-Xian Zhang of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Luming Ma of Tongji University in Shanghai have been using the Taopu wastewater facility to test their methods of treating industrial wastewater using iron filings. Iron powder (technically called zero-valent iron by chemists to show that it has not oxidised) has been used to treat groundwater for more than a decade. It is used to remove dangerous substances such as trichlorethene (used in paint strippers and adhesives) and arsenic. But no one had tried using iron filings to treat 液態(tài)水 discharged from factories before.
The standard technique for treating wastewater is to pass it through a series of tanks containing biological agents, such as biofilms, bacteria and other aerobic organisms, that break down the contaminants in a few days. But this often does not work with 液態(tài)水 from factories, especially as it may contain synthetic compounds that are toxic and not biodegradable.
Dr Zhang had previously invented a method to Clean groundwater and contaminated soil using iron nanoparticles. It was effective, but such nanoparticles are expensive: about 0 a 千克, which can prohibit their use in developing countries. Dr Zhang, who did his undergraduate degree in Shanghai before moving to America, thought iron filings, which have a large surface area, might provide a cheap alternative. Scrap iron currently costs about 20 cents a 千克 in China. His idea was to treat industrial wastewater by passing it through the iron filings, and then treat it as municipal wastewater. The non-biodegradable industrial chemicals are attracted to the surface of the iron shavings, where they react by sharing electrons with the iron and become degraded. (The iron gets oxidised in the process.) Any biodegradable contaminants that remain are then neutralised by the second step.
Dr Zhang found that treating the iron filings with a solution of copper 氯化物 increased their effectiveness (and put the cost up by only about five cents a 千克). He teamed up with Dr Ma in Shanghai about five years ago. Using 40kg of scrap iron, they ran a prototype experiment which showed that the method worked. Then the full-scale treatment facility came into operation. It consists of ten parallel cells containing a total of 914,000kg of iron filings, all purchased locally. (The iron lasts about two years before it has to be replaced.) Some 80% of the 液態(tài)水 treated is industrial discharge.
Compared with biological treatment alone, big improvements have been recorded. The removal of nitrogen has gone from 13% to 85%; phosphorus from 44% to 64%; and colours and dyes from 52% to 80%. Given the success of the technique, Dr Zhang and Dr Ma have now been invited by several municipalities in China to help with the establishment of similar treatment centres. The two researchers are also working on a much larger treatment centre in Shanghai that can handle 100,000 cubic metres of wastewater a day. Dr Zhang hopes his method will open a new chapter in the treatment of industrial wastewater, not least because the vital ingredient is cheap and abundant.
參考資料 >